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ClearlyExplained.com


by Richard Conan-Davies BSc Dip Ed

18th August 2001

updated: 30 August 2010

 

 

 

 

A straightforward, fast information
guide & overview to cancer from
ClearlyExplained.Com


The | What | Why | News | How | History | Future | of cancer

What is cancer?

Very basically, cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells that are able to spread through the body.

more...


Oncology is the study of tumours but often includes non-tumor cancers.

The word "cancer" comes from middle/old english "kanker" orginally latin in orgin meaning crab... more

The wikipedia gives a defintion of

Cancer (medical term: malignant neoplasm) is a class of diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled growth (division beyond the normal limits), invasion (intrusion on and destruction of adjacent tissues), and sometimes metastasis (spread to other locations in the body via lymph or blood). These three malignant properties of cancers differentiate them from benign tumors, which are self-limited, and do not invade or metastasize.

 

 One technical dictionary defintion is:


" Any of various malignant neoplasms characterized by the proliferation of anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to new body sites. "

source: dictionary.com

Translated that means:

Malignant, meaning disease causing. neoplasm (new growth) anaplastic (with no purpose).

Metastasize means cancer cells take over the normal spaces of healthy cells.

Or a news paper headline would be: When good cells go bad.

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Why is cancer important ?

Cancer is a disease that influences millions of people world wide and has an impact both, financially and personally to nations, families and individuals.

Sometimes we ask why?

The causes of cancer are numerous and sometimes there is more than one factor that triggers it.These factors include environmental (external pollutions) and genetic factors. In some cases cancer may be prevented by improving the diet by including more vegetables and a healthier lifestyle.

Did you know...

Some cancers are the result of specific chemicals or pollutants. For example asbestos is a major cause of a specific cancer called mesothelioma.

 "The Australian Cancer Council’s Chief Executive Officer, Professor Ian Olver, said that in around five per cent of the 88,000 cancers diagnosed each year in Australia, an inherited faulty gene is a major contributing factor. Such cancers are commonly referred to as family or familial cancers "

Source: Cancer council

Australian Bureau of Statistics quotes a cancer death rate of 168 per 100,000 during 1998

ABS source

 

 

 

Australian Daffodil Day
Friday 27th August 2010

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News about cancer.

Cancer issues are very frequently reported in the news. Here are some of the best sources of the latest news about cancer.

 

 

 

Some reliable and quality assured sources of general cancer information include:Australia:

US:

UK/Europe:

UN

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How is cancer studied?

Cancer can be studied in various ways or contexts.

Nature of cancer
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This covers the basic biology and chemistry linked with cancer.

Treatment of cancer
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This is the practical application of science to help fight cancer, including treatments. Sometimes this might be cancer treatment technologies such as radiation treatments or chemotherapies.

Culture of cancer
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This is the social & humanistic context of cancer.

The culture of cancer also includes the art, music & poetic expressions inspired by cancer and the human condition in general.

How does cancer grow?

It depends on the type of cancer and at what stage it is at but all cancers start with a change in the DNA of a cell. Sometimes the body can spot the problem and the immune cells of the body can kill the cancerous cell before it can progress further.

For a detail description of how cancer starts and grows visit the PBS website Cancer Warrior

 Types of cancer ?There are basically two types of cancer:

Tumour Cancers
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For example - Breast Cancer

Bone/Blood Cancers -

For example - Leukemias

Tumour cancers are ones where there is some kind of tumour growth on or associated with an organ of the body. They spread by hitching a ride through the blood or lymph system of the body.

Blood cancers or leukemia's usually start out in the bone marrow and have quite a different effect. It is just bone marrow cells that are out of control.

There are more technical types which include:

Carcinoma: Malignant tumors derived from epithelial cells. This group represents the most common cancers, including the common forms of breast, prostate, lung and colon cancer.

Sarcoma: Malignant tumors derived from connective tissue, or mesenchymal cells.

Lymphoma and leukemia: Malignancies derived from hematopoietic (blood-forming) cells

Germ cell tumor: Tumors derived from totipotent cells. In adults most often found in the testicle and ovary; in fetuses, babies, and young children most often found on the body midline, particularly at the tip of the tailbone; in horses most often found at the poll (base of the skull).

Blastic tumor or blastoma:
A tumor (usually malignant) which resembles an immature or embryonic tissue. Many of these tumors are most common in children.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer

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What is the history of cancer?

Cancer has been around for as long as life has been around.   hippocratesThe word 'Cancer' comes from a description that the first Ancient Greek Doctor ,Hippocrates, used to describe a common condition he called carcinoma, which happened to look a little like a crab because of 'finger-like projections'

 

One of the oldest references is from Ancient Eygpt of around 1600BC:
" The Edwin Smith Papyrus, or writing, describes eight cases of tumors or ulcers of the breast that were treated by cauterization, with a tool called "the fire drill." The writing says about the disease, "There is no treatment."

reference: Cancer.org

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The future of cancer?

 The future of cancer is about discovering the answers to the questions we have about cancer. It is about finding out how the disease occurs and how we might treat it.

 

The best sources of information about the future of cancer is by looking at the latest research in cancer sciences.

Medical research sites in Australia including:

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Disclaimer:

Although every care has been taken to make this site useful, this site does not provide cancer/health advice. You should consult your doctor for cancer advice specific to you.


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